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| Morais,V.; Massaldi,H.. |
| Snake antivenom, an expensive animal product, is presently the only effective treatment for the consequences of snakebite. In Latin America, antivenoms are mainly produced by public institutions with frequent shortages of the necessary supply. Here, we present an economical analysis of the factors affecting production cost, assuming a basic processing batch of 100 L hyperimmune plasma. Three annual production volumes were considered for two typical production technologies. The components of cost were classified as fixed, variable and semi-variable. We found that in all stages of production, fixed cost represents the major contribution to total cost, and is given essentially by manpower cost, particularly for low production volumes. Our estimation shows... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Antivenom; Economical cost; Immunoglobulins; Equine plasma; Serum production. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992006000300012 |
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| Ferreira Junior,R. S.; Nascimento,N.; Martinez,J. C.; Alves,J. B.; Meira,D. A.; Barraviera,B.. |
| ELISA was used to evaluate, accompany, and compare the humoral immune response of Swiss mice during hyperimmunization with native and Cobalt-60-irradiated (60Co) venoms of Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops moojeni. Potency and neutralization were evaluated by in vitro challenges. After hyperimmunization, immunity was observed by in vivo challenge, and the side effects were assessed. The animals immunization with one LD50 of each venom occurred on days 1, 15, 21, 30, and 45, when blood samples were collected; challenges happened on the 60th day. Results showed that ELISA was efficient in evaluating, accompanying and comparing mouse immune response during hyperimmunization. Serum titers produced with natural venom were similar to those... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Venom; Irradiation; Bothrops; ELISA; Serum production; Detoxification. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992005000400006 |
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